The Need For Gun Control in America Essay - 921 Words

The Second Amendment of The United States Constitution states, â€Å"[a] well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms shall not be infringed. An AR-15 is semi automatic, high capacity firearm with a muzzle velocity of over three thousand feet per second. The rifle will fire as fast as one can pull the trigger. This commando style weapon, with high capacity magazines, in the hands of a mentally or emotionally unstable individual, is a recipe for disaster that could cause great harm and death to the innocent. Although Americans have a constitutional right to bear arms, there need to be precautions in place to insure the safety of the people. The recipe for disaster†¦show more content†¦There are too many cases that are caught too late. The red flags (indicators) didn’t show up in the background check. Now a mentally unstable person has their hands on an instrument of death; which they attained legally. In order to keep citizens safe, we must take all threats seriously. One-third of the shooters in the past century had made prior threats. In an official FBI document, it states, â€Å"Behavior is an expression of personality, but one bad day may not reflect a student’s real personality or usual behavior pattern. Accurately evaluating someones behavior requires establishing a baseline — how he or she typically behaves most of the time† (FBI 4). Peers of individuals who suffer from mental illness must be attentive to peculiar behavior and take all threats seriously. When people treat situations like these with care and responsibility, often the shooter’s plans are foiled. These simple steps could save countless lives. In the United States alone, over thirty-one thousand people die annually as a root to firearms. The American Medical Journal concluded, â€Å"there is a positive correlation between guns per capita and firearm relate deaths† (AMJ 2). This means that when more guns are in circulation, more deaths will occur: One of the major political parties (along with firearms manufacturers and pro-gun lobbyists generally) oppose any rules restricting our Second Amendment rights by limiting the capacity of clipsShow MoreRelatedAmerica Needs Gun Control Essay1149 Words   |  5 PagesFor years proposals for gun control and the ownership of firearms have been among the most controversial issues in modern American politics. The public debate over guns in the United States is often seen as having two side. Some people passionately assert that the Second Amendment protects an individuals right to own guns while others assert that the Second Amendment does no more than protect the right of states to maintain militias. There are many people who insist that the Constitution is a livingRead MoreAmerica Needs More Gun Control1881 Words   |  8 Pagesmoney.† She pulled out her gun from her back pocket and shot him in the toe. She didn’t kill him, but she prevented herself from getting killed. Tha t gun saved her life and my life. You never know when something bad might happen. It could come out at any time, any day, anywhere. If my aunt hadn’t been allowed to carry that gun, we both might not be alive today. Even though some people believe America needs more gun control, this country needs less gun control because people need a way to protect themselvesRead MoreAmerica Needs Gun Control Laws Essay903 Words   |  4 Pages Guns have been the weapon of choice for some of the most brutal massacres on America soil. Since early history guns have been used mainly for militia and defense purposes. But, the development of new gun technology has made firearms more accessible and deadly. Although the second amendment gives the right to bear arms, guns should be controlled and monitored by the government because guns have contributed to a lot of killings in America and will increase crime rates. Gun control can be definedRead MoreAmerica Needs More Gun Control Essay1372 Words   |  6 Pages is enough. (Gibbs, 1993) Many Americans believe that gun control should be improved and the regulations made more stringent. However, the National Rifle Association (NRA) has a most formidable lobby, and lobbing campaign, which up until this time, has presented past Presidents from initiation gun control laws. There appears to be an almost grass roots movement to stifle efforts which attempt to establish more effective gun control laws. To a large extent, it is our Constitution which givesRead MoreEssay on America Needs Gun Education, Not Gun Control Laws1735 Words   |  7 Pages Gun crime in America has become a big issue. We are barraged by news outlets with story after story showing the wide use of guns in horrific and tragic crimes. These crimes all too often end in single if not multiple deaths. Politicians and law makers are constantly trying to find ways to reduce these crimes and keep the public safe. Unfortunately their ideas or methods involve some measure meant at reducing or eliminating the public’s access to guns. This method only infringes on the basic andRead More America Doesnt Need Gun Control at Gun Shows Essay1399 Words   |  6 PagesAmerica Doesnt Need Gun Control at Gun Shows Gun control has been a highly debated issue for several years. In the past this debate has led to the passage of gun control legislation, the most prominent bill being the Brady Bill. However, the national legislation concerning gun control only applies to licensed gun dealers. This has left a huge gun control loophole at the national level, because unlicensed dealers and private collectors are not required to conduct background checks onRead MoreAmerica Needs More Guns: Say No to Gun Control Essay2237 Words   |  9 PagesGuns do not kill people, people do. The American Dream is being able to work towards and achieve whatever makes you happy, whether it be owning your own business, joining the military, or staying at home raising a family, but the only way to reach your dream is to do it without living in fear that your dream will be taken away. In the last couple years mass shootings and attacks on schools have sadly become a common tragedy. Those who have been victim s of public shootings or any other life scarringRead MoreEssay America Needs More Gun Control1409 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Constitution to the United States really mean? Does every citizen have the right to own a gun? Should there be limitations on who can possess a gun? Gun right advocates believe they have the right to possess a gun without restrictions. Gun Control advocates on the other hand support more limitations on the accessibility of guns and also want to ban certain types of guns. They argue that the more guns there are the more crime there will be. Is either one of these arguments justified? Which partyRead More America Does Not Need Gun Control Essay1318 Words   |  6 Pages Gun control is often considered as an effective means of protecting ordinary citizens. We all want to feel safe, and its easy to ascribe notions of safety to the idea of gun control. Unfortunately, feeling safe and actually being safe can be very different things. Gun control sounds wonder ful in theory: no guns means no shootings. If only it were that simple. When one considers some of the worst shootings and gun-related crimes in recent history, its peculiar to realize how often theseRead More America Needs Some Gun Control Essay1552 Words   |  7 Pages Gun control is the effort to restrict or limit the possession and use of guns. The gun control debate may be one of the most important issues in our society. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in 2008 that the 2nd Amendment restrains the government’s ability to ban handguns. Some politicians are passionate about gun control and make voting decisions based upon on this issue alone; hence, the people we elect into office directly affect our lives. A few republican politicians have a strong

Surgical Site Infections Free Essays

string(87) " should at all times deal honestly and openly with patients concerning medical errors\." Surgical Site Infections Elizabeth Griffor HCA 375 Continuous Quality Monitoring Accreditation Instructor: Annajane Schnapp October 27, 2012 I chose to do my paper on the hospital-acquired condition of surgical site infections. In this paper I will discuss what a surgical site infection is, why it is considered preventable, the legal implications related to the patient, the role disclosure plays, accreditation expectations, and analyze the cost of continuous quality monitoring as it relates to quality. Surgical site infections account for 40 % of all hospital-acquired infections ( HAIs) and are unnecessary and largely preventable. We will write a custom essay sample on Surgical Site Infections or any similar topic only for you Order Now Use of antibiotics is fundamental in preventing surgical site infection and includes three core elements: 1. appropriate selection, 2. timing of the first dose, 3. and discontinuation postoperatively. It used to be the standard practice to â€Å"shave and prep† a patient prior to surgery, but a study done in 1992 revealed that surgical site infections were 50% lower in surgery patients whose hair was removed with clippers rather than a razor. One of the most common complaints from surgery patients is being cold in the holding area, operating room, and the post anesthesia care unit ( PACU) . This is uncomfortable and can increase risk of complications; such as surgical site infections. Glucose control is also important as a method for decreasing surgical site infections ( Frances, 2005). Guidelines for preventing surgical site infection are at the preoperative stage, intraoperative stage, and postoperative stage. They are as follows: 1. Preoperative stage: Patient preparation- Identify and treat all infections before surgery; postpone surgery if possible until infection is resolved. * Do not remove hair by the incision site unless it interferes with the operation; use electric clippers immediately before surgery if hair must be removed. * Have patients bathe or shower with an antiseptic the day of the surgery or the night before. * Thoroughly wash and clean at and around the incision site to remove gross contamination. * K eep hospital stays as short as possible to limit the patient’s exposure to nosocomial infections. Antimicrobial prophylaxis- * Work with the physician, pharmacist, and administer a prophylactic antibiotic only if it is indicated; antibiotic chosen should be effective against common pathogens that cause surgical site infections. * I. V. administration of the antibiotic should be timed so it is concentrated when the incision is made. * Do not use Vancomycin for antimicrobial prophylaxis routinely. Surgical team preparation- * Keep fingernails short, no artificial nails; bacteria and fungi can colonize on your hands if you wear artificial nails. Surgical team members who have signs or symptoms of an infectious illness need to promptly report this to their manager and occupational health service personnel. * Surgical team members that have draining skin lesions should be relieved from duty until infection has been ruled out, they have had therapy, or the infection is gone. * It is also suggested that no hand or arm jewelry be worn, as well as nail polish. 2. Intraoperative stage: Ven tilation- * Maintain ventilation in the operating room and maintain a minimum of 15 air changes per hour. Keep the operating door closed as much as possible. * Limit the number of staff entering the operating room. Surfaces and equipment- * Clean surfaces or equipment with hospital disinfectant if they are soiled with blood or body fluids before the next operation. * Do not perform special cleaning or closing of operating room after contaminated or dirty operations. * Sterilize all surgical equipment according to guidelines. * Assemble sterile equipment and solutions just before using them. Surgical attire- * Before entering the operating room, a surgical mask and hood that covers he hair on the face or head must be worn. * Sterile surgical gloves must be worn, putting them on after a sterile gown. * Shoe covers are not necessary for preventing surgical site infections. Vascular access- * Adhere to the rules of asepsis when placing intravascular devices and administering I. V. drugs . 3. Postoperative stage: Incision care- * Use a sterile dressing for 24-48 hours on an incision after surgery. * Wash your hands before and after any contact with the surgical site, even when changing the dressing. Use a sterile technique when changing dressings. * Teach the patient and family about incision care, signs or symptoms of surgical site infection, and when to report any symptoms (Adams, 2001). Following these guidelines can effectively reduce or prevent surgical site infections. Although nothing is 100% full proof, surgical site infections can be reduced and prevented in most situations. If an infection is not present at the time of admission and becomes evident after 48 hours of hospitalization; it is considered to be hospital acquired. Following the above mentioned guidelines indicates quality health care practices. By using these techniques, surgical site infections will be prevented and reduced resulting in quality care; benefiting both the patient and the hospital. A legal implication related to a patient developing a surgical site infection, results in more cost to the hospital, less profit, and leaves them open to possible lawsuits. Hospital acquired infections affect 1. 7 million hospitalizations, cost $ 8. 1 billion to treat, and lead to 2. 3 million total days of hospitalization. Infections are the fourth most expense in hospitals, costing $ 252,600 per hospital on average, and each afflicted patient requires $ 24,500 more in care on average as a result. Examples of lawsuits filed due to hospital infections are as follows: July 2008, couple awarded $ 2. 58 million after the patient contracted a deadly type of staph infection ( MRSA), resulting in the loss of a kidney, and an amputated leg and foot. November 2008, jury awarded $ 13. 5 million to a woman’s family after she died of an infection aused by flesh-eating bacteria; contracted during cancer treatment. And November 2008, a woman reached a confidential settlement of $ 16 million when a hospital failed to detect a flesh-eating bacteria, before and after she gave birth, resulting in the loss of three limbs and several organs ( Gaffey, 2010). According to the AMA’s code of ethics, it is a requirement that a physician should at all times deal honestly and openly with patients concerning medical errors. You read "Surgical Site Infections" in category "Essay examples" Several doctors cite the risk of litigation as grounds for caution when discussing medical errors. Practicing defensive medicine such as ordering more tests or consults has become the norm to avoid malpractice suits. 94% of physicians say they would inform a patient if a mistake was made that caused an injury. Concern regarding legal liability which might result from telling the truth should not affect a physician’s honesty with a patient according to the AMA’s Code of Medical Ethics, however some skeptics maintain that it is easier to brag about virtue, than actually follow it ( Rice,2002). For the most part physicians agree that honesty is the best policy. Many doctors in a survey confessed to errors such as; prescribing the wrong medications, wrong dosage, misinterpreting x-rays, misinterpreting lab reports, etc†¦ One physician stated that being upfront about his mistakes, talking to the family, and apologizing probably avoided a lawsuit. Most doctors agree that it is better to be upfront about a mistake for several reasons, they are: 1. That it always comes out eventually, 2. Dishonesty causes more damage and loses the public’s trust, 3. Honesty decreases the chance of being sued, as well as it is the right thing to do, and 4. They want their patients or family to hear it from them first ( Rice, 2002). Communicating with the patient or family, educating them on the procedure and signs or symptoms to look for can prevent surgical site infections. Being open and honest with the patient and their family when an error occurs can possibly help to avoid a lawsuit. Honesty is always the best policy when providing quality health care. In October 2008, CMS announced that it would no longer pay for hospital-acquired conditions. It is their view that if a hospital has a good standard of practice and multidisciplinary care guidelines that these events should not happen and can easily be prevented. This is not to penalize health care, but to improve the safety of patient care and improve the quality of care by establishing standards of care and protocols. The Joint Commission has also implemented similar reporting and nonpayment initiatives to improve safety and improve the quality of care ( Lisa, 2009). The Joint Commissions new national patient safety goal to prevent surgical site infections includes a requirement to look for surgical site infections for up to 30 days after a procedure. The Center for Disease Control ( CDC) estimates that between 12% and 84% of surgical site infections are found after patients are discharged from the hospital. Joint Commission surveyors will be looking to see if the following protocols are being followed: * Hospital educates health care workers involved in surgical procedures about healthcare –associated infections, surgical site infections, and the importance of prevention. Before all surgical procedures, the hospital educates patients/family about surgical site infection prevention. * Hospital implements policies and practices aimed at reducing surgical site infections. * Hospital conducts periodic risk assessments for surgical site infections. * Measurement strategies follow evidence-based guidelines and surgical site infections are measu red for the first 30 days after surgery. * Hospital supplies surgical site infection rate data and prevention outcome to leaders, practitioners, nursing staff, and other clinicians. Antimicrobial agents for prophylaxis used for a particular procedure or disease are administered according to standards and guidelines. * Administer I. V. antimicrobial prophylaxis within one hour before incision. * Discontinue the prophylactic antimicrobial agent within 24 hours after surgery. * When hair removal is necessary, use clippers or depilatories ( Hospital Infection Control, 2008). Localized improvement occurs when a team is developed to look at a specific problem; such as the rate of surgical site infections. Organizational learning occurs when this process is ocumented and results in the development of policies that are implemented; such as a protocol for preventing surgical site infections. Process reengineering occurs when a major investment blends internal and external resources to make c hanges; such as being accredited by the Joint Commission and following their guidelines for prevention of surgical site infections. Evidence-based medicine involves the selection of the best clinical practices; implementing surgical site infection control guidelines or protocol to reduce cost and increase profit (Sollecito Johnson, 2013). The most effective strategies for improving health care quality are: clinician-directed audit and feedback, clinical decision support systems, specialty outreach programmes, continuing professional education based on interactive small-group case discussions, and patient-mediated clinician reminders. Pay-for-performance strategies directed to clinician groups and organizational process redesign are modestly effective ( Scott, 2009). In my opinion using the organizational learning strategy would generate the best outcome and cost the least to implement. Having a team put together to gather data on surgical site infections and implementing a protocol or guidelines to follow to prevent these events would result in less cost and increased profit. In conclusion, surgical site infections are for the most part preventable. Following protocols or guidelines can greatly reduce surgical site infections. Educating staff, patients, and their families, can have a big impact on preventing surgical site infections and implementing these strategies reduces cost and increases profit. References: Adams, A. 2001). Preventing surgical site infection ( SSI): Guidelines at a glance. Nursing Management, 32 (8), 46-46. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com/docview/231438710? accountid= 32521. Frances, A. G. ( 2005). Best-practice protocol is: Preventing surgical site infection. Nursing Management, 36 (11), 20-26. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com/docview/ 231393974? accountid=32521. Gaffey, A. D. RN, MSN, CPHRM, FASHRM. ( 2010). Legal Impl ications of Healthcare- Acquired Infections. Retrieved from http://www. ahe. rg/ahe/conference/2010/content /092910/a. Lisa, M. S. ( 2009). Compliance with CMS â€Å" never events† billing requirements. Journal of Health Care Compliance, 11 (5), 33-36. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com/ docview/227916352? accountid=32521. Rice, B. (2002). Medical errors: Is honesty ever optional? Medical Economics, 79 ( 19), 63-72. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com/docview/227734141? accountid=32521. Scott, I. (2009). What are the most effective strategies for improving quality and safety of healthcare? Internal Medicine Journal, 39 (6), 389-400. Doi:http://dx. doi. org/ 10. 1111/j. 1445-5994. 2008. 01798. x. Sollecito, W. A. Johnson, J. K. (2013). Continuous quality improvement in health Care (4th ed). Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. ISBN: 9780763781545. The joint commission update for infection control: SSI goal: Look for infections a month after procedure. (2008). Hospital Infection Control, Retrieved from http://search. Proquest. com/docview/758852362? accountid=32521. 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Research Directions Internet of Things †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Research Directions for Internet of Things. Answer: Introduction: The statement the best interface for a system is the no user interface means that computers have become a threat human beings as they are currently performing tasks that used to be done by humans. It complicates human lives instead of making them better (Hecht, 2015). For instance, lays out how we came about this application obsessed point and how we could change things and ensure that no individual is using the best tool for a job. It could either be or not an app such as those employed in smartphones like Android. Most organizations together with the app designers are trying to change and use the screens and apps thinking they are making the task suitable, but they are achieving the opposite. The statement can also be linked to an incident where companies are trying to change them to be conversant with their ecosystem (Tyson, 2004). This interface mostly favors a company's partakers but not their experience. In no user interface, user experience does not significantly matter as it is an option when individuals are solving problems. People are supposed to be focused more on things that are more alluring apart from the apps (Borgia, 2014). The app that there is an application that can perform all tasks has worsened the user design. People should embrace the actual situation and not that which performs functions on the screen. It is made up of one or more pairs of electrical son arranged in a spiral. They transmit both analog and digital data. They are made up of two copper wires about 1 mm thick. The wires are twisted to minimize interference from the environment around. The cables have magnetic interference when the two wires are laid parallel. It is one of the cheapest hence highly demanded. For long distance connections, they vary from a range of 5 to 15 cm and thickness of 0.4 mm to 0.9 mm. in this situation, the transmission of a signal is about 5 to 6 km. There are two distinctions of twisted pair cables; shielded twisted pair and unleashed twisted pair. The shielded twisted pair is made of copper wires covered with foil or in a braided mesh and a PVC cover as the outside cover. Braided mesh protects electromagnetic penetration as the foil prevents the magnetic fields. The unleashed consist of color copper wires without any foil or braid for insulation against electromagnetic. The wires within each cable are different. UTP cables are further subdivided into categories according to their purpose and transfer rates. It is similar to the twisted pair made of two conductors but designed differently to allow it to function better and over high range frequencies. A good example is the TV antennae. They have a metal foil and braided cable to guard against electromagnetic interference. There are two types of coaxial cables that are, thin net and thicket (Borgia, 2014). The small net is about inch thick and is mostly used for short distance transfers. They directly link to a workstation network adapter card using a British naval connector. It moves data to a distance of about 185 meters. The coaxial is around inch thick and can transfer data over longer distances than the thin net.it is commonly used as a support point to connect smaller thin net based networks and transfers data to a maximum distance of 500 meters (Kopetz, 2011). The bandwidth of a coaxial cable is 10 Mbps. On the aspect of coaxial cable basing the on interference, is that they are resistant to the effect of attenuation up to a specific length of up to 100 meters. Regarding the cost, it is more expensive than the twisted cable and less than the optical cable. They are more secure than twisted cables and less secure than optic fiber cables. It carries digital data by use of optical fiber signal. They transfer data in modulated pulses of light. It is made up of cylinder glass known as the core rounded by a concentric layer of glass referred to as the cladding. An optic comprises of two cables one for transferring and another for receiving data. The core uses a high optical quality transparent plastic and coating made of gel which reflects signals back to the fiber hence the low signal loss. There are two types of fibers; single and multi-mode fiber. The single mode fiber uses a single ray of the light in carrying a transmission over a long range (Kopetz, 2011). Multimode fiber uses some light rays at the same time with each ray running to the most reflective angle to hold transmission over short ranges. Multi-Mode fiber optic can deliver data up to 1 Gbps. It functions on the wavelengths of between 85p nm and 1300 p nm. Fibre optic cables have a bandwidth of 100 m or less; the bandwidth is not limited. It is most expensive compared to twisted and coaxial. Its interference level is much lower than the others and is also most secure. They are subdivided in the following type; Type of sensor Merits Demerits Application Ultrasonic sensors They detect (sense) all materials It has low resolution Used in doors for security Curb collision Limit switch Sensors They are cheap They have high current capability Must physical contact with the target They respond slowly They are used in basic end of travel sensing Capacitive sensors They are able to detect non-metallic targets They detect via some containers They sense highly to environmental changes Used for level sensing Inductive sensor Simple to install Easy to predict They only sense metallic targets Used in industries and machines Photo electric sensor They have a long life They sense over long distances They are fast in responding. Sensing range is affected by reflectivity and color of the target Lens are contaminable Used in packaging Handling material Detecting parts RFID Advantage They can hold more data than barcodes Used for monitoring the health records for patients Used for security and attendance reasons Disadvantages Coverage is limited to 3 meters Programming the RFID is time-consuming External electromagnetic interference can block remote reading Technology brings about loss of jobs to the unskilled labor Applications Used in the tracking of language and monitoring of health history of patients by hospitals (Weber, 2010). Video tracking Advantages There is shorter matching time which is as a result of good detection rate especially in the target detection It addresses on object tracking as well appearance change Disadvantages There are various hardware and programs needed to obtain and process the data The capture system may have specific requisitions for space to which it is being operated. The privacy issues in IoT are that there too much data to secure. The amount of information that the IoT devices can generate is staggering (Kumar, Patel, 2014). Another issue is that of the unwanted public profile; the company can use the collected data that consumers give willingly, analyze it and make decisions based on it (Wang Zhang, 2012). There is also the issue of hackers who can hack the systems and access the collected data. The security issue is based on public perception. The problem of hacking is a primary concern as researchers have been able to hack into real market devices with much energy and time (Dabbagh Rayes, 2017). Another issue is the actual security aspect. Securing the IoT devices carries more weight than securing the actual devices (Yang, 2014). Total time taken is 2+12+3= 17ms Changes after 1 s Therefore; 60ms is equivalent to 1 sec 17ms will equal how many seconds 17/60=0.28 Thus 1-0.28=0.72 s Time saved 0.72s The Nielson's law states that the high-end user's connection speed can grow up by 50% per year. This law of the broadband connectivity carries with it Moore's law of computer processing for some strange reasons (Stankovic, 2014). Nielson's observations were based on Moore's law that often mentioned view to which computers can be double every 18 months. His law relates to Moore's law in that the comment states that computers double every 18 months which corresponds to 60% per year. Moore's law for the network speed, the bandwidth grows slower than the computer's power because internet bandwidth is more of business realities than technological limits (Tan Wang, 2010). The implication of IoT is that there is a huge spread of the adaptation of IoT devices and other product that will utilize the same broadband connection and the technology will be availed for Nielson's law. References Borgia, E. (2014). The Internet of Things vision: Key features, applications and open issues.Computer Communications,54, 1-31. Dabbagh, M., Rayes, A. (2017). Internet of Things Security and Privacy. InInternet of Things From Hype to Reality(pp. 195-223). Springer International Publishing. Hecht, J. (2015).Understanding fiber optics. Jeff Hecht. Kopetz, H. (2011). Internet of things. InReal-time systems(pp. 307-323). Springer US. Kumar, J. S., Patel, D. R. (2014). A survey on internet of things: Security and privacy issues.International Journal of Computer Applications,90(11). Stankovic, J. A. (2014). Research directions for the internet of things.IEEE Internet of ThingsJournal,1(1), 3-9. Tan, L., Wang, N. (2010, August). Future internet: The internet of things. InAdvanced Computer Theory and Engineering (ICACTE), 2010 3rd International Conference on(Vol. 5, pp. V5-376). IEEE. Tyson, J. (2004). How internet infrastructure works.Retrieved December,3, 2004. Wang, Y., Zhang, X. (2012). Internet of things. Weber, R. H., Weber, R. (2010).Internet of things(Vol. 12). New York, NY, USA:: Springer. Yang, S. H. (2014). Internet of things. InWireless Sensor Networks(pp. 247-261). Springer London.